BEd Graduates and Employment in India
This page provides a detailed analysis of the number of Bachelor of Education (BEd) graduates in India, their employment outcomes, and an estimate of the total number of unemployed BEd graduates, based on recent data from authoritative sources.
Key Points
- The number of BEd graduates in India per year is around 664,000, based on recent data.
- Research suggests about 7% of graduates with secondary education and above, including BEd holders, may not get jobs, due to limited specific data.
- Approximately 94,000 BEd graduates are currently unemployed in India, based on recent data and assumptions.
- Over the last decade, accumulated unemployed BEd teachers contribute to this number, with estimates varying due to limited specific data.
Number of BEd Passouts
Based on the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2021-22 report, the number of BEd graduates in India per year is approximately 663,862. This figure reflects the latest available data and indicates the scale of teacher education output in the country.
The AISHE report also provides enrollment data for BEd programs, which can offer context. For instance, total enrollment in BEd programs for 2021-22 was 1,520,715, with 556,134 males and 964,581 females, indicating a large pool of students entering the program. However, enrollment figures are not directly equivalent to graduates, as not all students complete the course within the same year. The graduate figure of 663,862 is thus the most relevant for estimating annual passouts.
Percentage Not Getting Jobs
Specific data on the employment outcomes of BEd graduates is limited, but the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023-24 suggests that the unemployment rate for individuals with secondary education and above is about 7.1%. Since BEd is a postgraduate degree within this category, it seems likely that around 7.1% of BEd graduates may not secure jobs, though this is an estimate based on broader graduate trends.
Efforts to find direct unemployment rates for BEd graduates included searching for studies on teacher employment, UNESCO reports, and economic surveys. For instance, the UNESCO 2021 State of the Education Report for India highlighted a shortage of over 1 million school teachers, with 19% of teaching positions vacant, particularly in rural areas. This shortage suggests a potential demand for BEd graduates, but it does not quantify unemployment rates.
Annual BEd Graduates and Unemployment Rate
Based on the AISHE 2021-22 report, approximately 663,862 BEd graduates pass out each year in India. The PLFS 2023-24 indicates an unemployment rate of about 7.1% for individuals with secondary education and above, which we apply to BEd graduates, estimating around 47,064 new unemployed BEd graduates annually (663,862 ร 7.1%).
Estimating Total Unemployed BEd Graduates
To estimate the total number of unemployed BEd graduates at this moment, we assume an average unemployment duration of 2 years, a reasonable estimate based on general trends. This suggests a total of approximately 94,128 unemployed BEd graduates (47,064 ร 2). Considering the last decade, this figure accounts for accumulation, though exact numbers may vary due to data limitations.
Survey Note: Detailed Analysis of BEd Passouts and Employment in India
This note provides a comprehensive analysis of the number of Bachelor of Education (BEd) graduates in India per year, the percentage who do not secure jobs, and the estimated total number of unemployed BEd graduates, drawing on recent data from authoritative sources such as the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) and the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). The analysis integrates statistical insights and contextual factors, acknowledging the complexity of employment outcomes in India’s education sector.
Background on BEd Graduates in India
The BEd program is a professional course designed to prepare individuals for teaching at upper primary, secondary, and senior secondary levels. Given India’s large and growing education system, the demand for qualified teachers is significant, yet employment outcomes can vary due to factors such as regional disparities, teacher shortages, and economic conditions. The AISHE, conducted annually by the Ministry of Education, provides detailed data on higher education enrollment and graduates, while the PLFS offers insights into unemployment rates by education level.
Number of BEd Passouts Per Year
According to the AISHE 2021-22 report, the number of BEd graduates for the academic year 2021-22 was 663,862. This figure is derived from Table 34 of the report, which lists graduate/pass-out data by program, including a breakdown by gender: 231,142 males and 432,720 females. This data represents the most recent and comprehensive count available, reflecting the output of teacher education institutions across India. Given the lack of more recent AISHE reports as of April 28, 2025, this figure is used as the baseline, acknowledging that annual variations may occur.
Employment Outcomes and Unemployment Rate
The percentage of BEd graduates who do not get jobs is challenging to determine due to the lack of specific data on employment outcomes for BEd holders. The PLFS 2023-24 provides a proxy, stating that the unemployment rate for individuals with secondary education and above was 7.1% in 2024. This figure, likely from the PLFS 2023-24 annual report (July 2023 โ June 2024), is adopted as a reasonable estimate for BEd graduates, implying that approximately 7.1% of BEd graduates may be unemployed annually.
Total Unemployed BEd Graduates at This Moment
Applying the 7.1% unemployment rate to the annual number of BEd graduates (663,862), we estimate 47,064 new unemployed BEd graduates each year. Assuming an average unemployment duration of 2 years, the total number of unemployed BEd graduates at this moment (April 28, 2025) is approximately 94,128. This estimate accounts for accumulation over time, particularly over the last decade, using reasonable assumptions due to limited specific data.
Contextual Factors and Limitations
Several factors influence the employment outcomes of BEd graduates. The UNESCO 2021 State of the Education Report for India indicated a shortage of over 1 million school teachers, with 19% of teaching positions vacant, particularly in rural areas, suggesting potential demand. However, challenges such as low wages, lack of contracts (42% of teachers work without contracts, as per UNESCO), and regional disparities may affect employability. The Economic Survey 2023-24 noted that only 51.25% of India’s graduates are employable, indicating broader employment challenges.
The analysis acknowledges limitations, including the lack of specific unemployment data for BEd graduates and reliance on proxy figures. The PLFS data is for all graduates with secondary education and above, which includes a broad range of qualifications, potentially diluting accuracy for BEd holders. The time lag between AISHE 2021-22 and PLFS 2023-24 data also means figures may not perfectly align, but they represent the most recent available information.
Comparative Insights and Tables
BEd Enrollment and Graduates (AISHE 2021-22)
| Year | BEd Enrollment (Regular Mode) | BEd Graduates (Total) | Male Graduates | Female Graduates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | 1,487,090 | 663,862 | 231,142 | 432,720 |
This table, derived from Tables 11 and 34 of the AISHE report, shows the scale of BEd education and the number of graduates, supporting the figure of 663,862 passouts.
Unemployment Rates for Educated Individuals
| Category | Unemployment Rate (%) | Source | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary Education and Above | 7.1 | PLFS 2024 (Statista) | 2024 |
| Graduates Under 25 | 42.3 | State of Working India 2023 | 2021-22 |
| All Graduates (Employability) | 48.75 (unemployable, i.e., 51.25% employable) | Economic Survey 2023-24 (India Today) | 2023-24 |
This table highlights the variation in unemployment rates, with the 7.1% figure being the most relevant for BEd graduates given their educational level and likely age group.
Conclusion
In summary, the number of BEd passouts in India per year is approximately 663,862, based on AISHE 2021-22 data. The percentage who do not get jobs is estimated at around 7.1%, derived from the PLFS 2023-24 unemployment rate for individuals with secondary education and above, resulting in approximately 47,064 new unemployed BEd graduates annually. The estimated total number of unemployed BEd graduates at this moment is approximately 94,128, based on an assumed average unemployment duration of 2 years, accounting for accumulation over the last decade. These figures reflect broader trends in graduate unemployment, supported by the context of teacher shortages and employment challenges in India, though exact numbers may vary due to data limitations.